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BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SOLAR
CELL PHONE CHARGER
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background
Nigeria as the largest country in Africa with a population of
about 148 million is facing the challenge of erratic power supply. This is
because not less than 60% of the population has limited or no access to
affordable electricity, hence there is need to stem the energy crisis in the
nation [1]. Due to
the increasing population of Nigeria, there has been a corresponding increase
in power demand without a reliable supply to meet such. The short fall in the
supply of electricity in this country especially in the rural settlement where
there are inadequate or no grid systems necessitates the need to explore
renewable source of energy. Ref [2] ascertains that stand-alone photovoltaic
(PV) system configuration offer an economical substitute to the costly grid
extensions in rural areas in the world. Small scale affordable production of
solar energy can be used in the charging of phones as well as lighting in the
rural areas.
Solar power as a renewable energy source, is gaining wide spread
acceptance due to the availability of technical know-how and solar resources. Like all other renewable energy sources, it
evidently has numerous benefits over non‐renewable energy sources, such as coal, oil and nuclear energy etc. as
an environmental friendly option of power generation it is non‐polluting, reliable and can produce energy anywhere that there is
sunlight. Another major advantage is that solar resources are not going to run
out anytime soon. When compare with other sources of res, it has some technical
and environmental advantages. Solar power is generated using solar panels,
which do not require any major mechanical parts, such as wind turbines. these
mechanical parts can break down and cause maintenance issues and can also be
quite noisy. both of these issues are virtually non‐existent with solar panels. also, the solar cells, that connects
together to make up the solar panel, can last up to several decades without
replacement. However, there is a shortcoming to solar energy production –
energy can only be produce when the sunlight is available. to overcome this,
usually solar panels are coupled with back up rechargeable batteries, which can
store excess power generated during the period of availability and utilize this
in providing energy to systems when there is no sunlight. in this way solar
power can be used in residential areas especially for charging of phones and
provision of light during the night.
In these systems there is need for voltage regulation of the supply
voltage form the solar panel as well as a charging circuit for the rechargeable
battery. This is because the solar
panel usually produces an output direct current (dc) voltage which is usually
more than that needed to charge the phone as well as charge the rechargeable
battery. Therefore there is need for voltage regulation.
For the purpose of this project, the load (phone) to be connected only
requires dc input, so dc‐ac conversion is not needed. Instead, dc‐dc conversion would be used to provide the correct power to the system
from the power generated by the solar panel.
1.1 Motivation
of study
Following a survey of
the duration of electricity power available during the day as well as night in
rural areas of Nigeria, there is a need to design a solar-powered cell phone
charger that is fabricated locally. This is of primary importance because a
large number of cell phone owners or users in the rural areas as well as some
urban areas with no or limited access to utility electricity, are forced to pay
at least N50 per charge for their cell phone from a commercial outfit using a
750VA petrol driven generator. This adds up to a significant investment over a
period of time, especially for a poor rural dweller.
1.2 Aim and objectives
The aim of this
research is to design and construct a solar powered mobile phone charger. More
especially the objectives are:
1) To design an electric circuit for the purpose of
charging through the solar power
2) To
carry out a design calculation so as to ascertain the duration for which the
rechargeable battery will charge the mobile phone.
3) To
run a technical test to verify the variation in the input and output of the
charger.
1.3 Problem
statement
As earlier stated the need for rural residents to charge phones during
the hours of the day when sunlight is available and the need to cut down the
level of carbon emission is a major concern. In order to achieve this a solar
powered mobile phone charger will be needed. As against this background, the
purpose of this project is
to design and construct a cost effective, affordable solar powered mobile phone
charger.
1.4 Solution
approach
The main design of the circuitry of this project is such that it would
be implementing the mobile phone charging algorithm to charge the mobile phones
at the load.
To solve this problem,
the circuitry is connected to a solar panel with an output voltage of 9V.
These were the
considerations that were taken into account while designing the project:
·
The finished product
should not cost more than N10,000 due to economic level of the targeted
consumers.
·
The project design is
made as simple as possible for easy reproductivity and for easy maintainance.
·
It should be users
friendly because of the level of literacy of the targeted consumers
·
The product should be
flexible such that it can charge the different cell phone brands available in
market.
1.5 Scope of study
The scope of this study
is limited to the design and construction of solar powered mobile phone charger.
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