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TERRORISM
AND NIGERIA’S ECONOMY, AN ASSESSMENT OF THE BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY
Chapter One:
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Terrorism
according to lodge is an illegitimate means of attempting to effect political
change by the indiscriminate use of violence (Lodge 1988:5). Also Madunagu
(2001:51) maintains that terrorism is “the use of violence to achieve political
objectives”. The bottom line of the above definitions is that terrorism is an
aspect of political violence. Since September 11, 2001, multiple attacks on the
twin towers of the World Trade Centre and pentagon in the United States of
America, terrorism has become a House Hold discussion in the world. Boko Haram
according to Dr. Anslem Dilichukwu Omenma in one of his presentation at Caritas
University political science seminar day, is traceable to the militia group
called ECOMOG which enjoyed the patronage of top politicians in other parts of
the northern Nigeria, began to patronize the group through budgetary
allocations. The Boko Haram group has affected Nigeria’s economy badly most
especially in the northern part.
According to
a seminar presentation in Caritas University by Dr. D.A. Omenma (H.O.D), the
Boko Haram Insurgents started as a militia group called ECOMOG, which have
being sponsored by prominent politicians in the north –eastern states of Borno
and Yobe during the build up to the 2003 general elections. Later, other
politicians in other parts of Northern Nigeria began to sponsor the group they
provided them with huge sums of money, provision of training grounds on the
many mountains scattered in the northern region as well as protection against
arrests by the Federal governments. (Omenma 2012:15).
The sects
spokesman Abu Qeda in one of his confessions in 2012 stated that the Boko Haram
sect started as a fundamentalist group officially called Ahlus Sunna Lid
Dawatis Jihad but now popularly known as Boko Haram. Since the inception of the
activities of this group, Nigeria’s security has been threatened and it has
also affected the economy.
The project
is therefore an attempt at a critical study to show how Boko Haram has affected
the economy either positively or negatively. It has been noted that Boko Haram
is regarded as terrorist group that has affected Nigeria’s economy especially
in the north, attempts would be made to see how this sect has really affected
the economy of Nigeria and possibly recommend lasting solutions to the menace,
so that the peace and stability which the country has longed for would be
achieved and there would be an end to terrorism in Nigeria.
A cursory
look around the world will reveal that for many countries under this
dispensation, have also suffered and are still suffering from terrorist
attacks. For instance, the United States of America which has lasted for almost
two hundred years since the 18th century still suffered in the hands of Osama
Bin Laden before he was finally killed in 2011. Also Israel, Pakistan and even
some other countries in Africa have had terrorist‟sattacksthathave rendered
peace and stability almost a mirage. Example, Libya in 1986 was attacked by the
United States of America.
In Nigeria
Boko Haram snowballed into national menace after the 2011 general elections,
the northern governors who had relationship with the sect began to withdraw
their patronages and eventually abandoned them to their fate. (The Nation
2011:13). Most scholars and analysts tend to subscribe to the opinion that
terrorism is a political expression and not a criminal act. As a result they
agree that terrorist groups across the world have a common adversary in the
status quo, represented by the regime in power, the political system of the
economic system. In their view therefore, the major objective of terrorists is
to disrupt the statusquo or dismantle the regime in power so as to impose their
own values on the rest of the society.
However
since the terrorists usually lack willing public support and face stiff
suppression from the government, they always resort to indiscriminate violence
on a tactical and strategic basis to spread fear and intimidation and persuade
the public of the validity of their cause (Lodge, 1988:3). All terrorist acts
involve violence or equally important, the threat of violence. The Islamic
militant sect, Boko Haram has been terrorizing Nigeria‟spopulation for almost
two years, sapping economic development in the northern part of the country.
According to “focus Nigeria”an interactive programme on television, 2012, the
insurgency has brought about the demise of business in the country most
especially in the northern parts. For instance, traders who come from all over
Nigeria and neighboring countries to buy textiles in Kano, no longer frequent
the market again and the market is not as busy as it use to be. The study is
set to investigate how this menace has eaten deep into our economy.
1.2 Statement of Problem
The high
level of terrorism and violence in Nigeria by the fundamentalist group (Boko
Haram) has heightened fears among the populace and the international community
and has eaten deep into our economy and as a matter of fact, the hostility has
gone beyond religious or political coloration. Several meetings, summit, conferences
etc have being held in a bid to curb the menace in the country but all to no
avail. Also apart from the fact that meetings have been held, the federal
governments have spent millions of naira in making sure that security is
brought back to the country but that has never looked worked. The president has
told all security agencies to be at alert and to get their arsenals ready and
to put more effort in the promotion of effective security in the country. Also
the president in one of his speeches prompts all Nigerians to take security
seriously because it is everybody‟s business. But the question is will it ever
stop? Can we say that the Boko Haram menace could be understood from the
argument that Islam which give hope to the poor Muslims is being threatened out
of extinction by Christianity and the Muslim youth who derive hope of a
brighter future from the teaching of Islam are fighting to defend the survival
of the hope of the hopeless Muslims, or do we see the insurgency from the prism
of nationalism? In this light, this study will be guided by the following
research question.
Is ideology
and fundings the fundamental factors that propelled the Boko Haram Sect in
Nigeria?
Does the
Boko Haram crisis pose a threat to the economy of the country?
Is the
military option the
possible solution in
tackling the menace?
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