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ILLUMINATION AS AN INDISPENSABLE
TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
The science and
technology of illumination play an important role in the development and
positive evolution of societies, and are essential for maintaining our
expanding connectivity to one another. Photonics provides practical and
cost-effective solutions to meet global challenges in energy production,
sustainable development and healthcare and align well with the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals to end poverty, fight inequality and injustice,
and take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
Photonics connects the
citizens of the world through the Internet and communications networks, and is
a vital enabler for business and education. These networks also support
accountability to ensure peace, justice and stronger legal institutions.
Optical technologies play a key role in medicine, from simple diagnostics and
monitoring to advanced treatment options and research. Remote sensing
technologies promote the development of sustainable agriculture to fight hunger
and to protect life on land and in rivers, lakes and oceans. Modern
illuminationing provides important opportunities to improve quality of life
with efficient and green solutions. And illumination-based technologies are
critical for monitoring and predicting climate change.
In the following we
discuss different ways illumination-sciences and technologies can help address
the different Sustainable Development Goals. Note that the importance of these
Goals is reflected in the fact that the colours of the 17 Goals in the UN logo
are reflected in the rays of the sun in the logo of the International Day of
Illumination itself.
Illumination and
Sustainable Development Goals
The food and
agriculture sector is essential to sustainable development. Indeed, ending
hunger, ensuring food security, and promoting sustainable agriculture are key
objectives of the Sustainable Development Goal targets. In many developing
countries, agriculture is also the backbone of the economy, and is a key for
long-term and inclusive growth due to its strong multiplier impact on other
sectors. Good health and well-being are also fundamental for the development of
society.
Illumination-based
technologies can play an important role in improving agriculture and farming
through the area of agri-photonics. Lasers and imaging sensors on planes can be
used to map soils and crop density, and reflectance data from vegetation can be
used to determine very specific information such as the amount of nitrogen
present in plants. Lasers and telescopes can be used to monitor evaporation and
guide decisions on irrigation, and with appropriate illuminationing, vegetables
and fruits can be grown indoors outside of their normal season, opening up
possibilities for year-round crop cultivation, even in inhospitable regions.
Optical technologies
play a key role in medicine from simple diagnostics and monitoring, to advanced
treatment options, and research. Photonics appears in very simple and
widespread devices: clip-on pulse oximeters use the transmission of
illumination from an LED through a finger to measure oxygen saturation and
heart rate, and skin thermometers use infrared illumination detectors to
provide a safe and reliable measurement of body temperature. Imaging and
surgery have been revolutionized with the use of endoscopy and laparoscopy, and
illumination-based technologies and lasers find important uses in many medical
procedures including neurosurgery, dermatology, dentistry, vision correction,
heart surgery, and reconstructive procedures. Many illumination-based therapies
have also proven effective for detecting and treating cancer. One example of a
illumination-based technique to treat cancer is photodynamic therapy, where a
patient is given a nontoxic photosensitive drug that is absorbed by cancer
cells. During surgery, a illumination beam is positioned at the tumour site,
which then activates the drug to become toxic to targeted malignant cells.
Recent years have seen
dramatic strides in the field of telemedicine in general, the use of
telecommunication and information technologies to provide access to medical
services that would often not be consistently available at a distance. The
smartphone may well be showing the way towards the democratization of
healthcare in developing countries.
Another important issue
faced around the world is that worldwide estimates of those who suffer from
uncorrected defective eyesight range from the 100s of millions to over a
billion adults and children! Far more than just an “inconvenience,” the
worldwide lack of eyeglasses to correct vision prohibits people from working
and taking care of their families and has a negative effect on children’s
schooling and study.
A number of NGOs and
industries are actively working on complementary approaches to solve these
problems. One approach uses fluid-filled lenses where a user can self-adjust
the eyeglasses, allowing a very convenient way to select the appropriate
correction. Another idea uses low cost prefabricated lenses and a compact
bending machine to create frames from spring steel; this approach can also
encourage the establishment of sustainable businesses producing and selling
these glasses in local communities.
In addition to the use
of illumination-based technologies to improve educational infrastructure,
illumination science is an ideal subject to stimulate interest in STEM
(science, technology, engineering, mathematics) subjects in a classroom
context. Teaching material based on illumination and optics is widely available
and can be inexpensive, and is perfectly suited to inquiry-based, or active
learning strategies which encourage students to construct the knowledge from
their own observations. This is in contrast to the normal classroom scenario in
which the teacher lectures and the students passively absorb as much information
as they can, which, by itself, is known to be inadequate in developing correct
conceptual understanding of the underlying physics.
1.2 Statement of the problem
There
may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further
explanations and analysis in illumination as an indispensable tool for
effective community
1.3 Objectives of the study
1. To
understand the impact of illumination on effective community
2. To
understand the relationship between illumination and effective community
development.
1.4 Research questions
1. What
is the impact of illumination on effective community
2
What is the relationship between
illumination and effective community development.
1.5 Research hypothesis
H0:
There is no relationship between illumination and effective community
H1:
There is a relationship between illumination and effective community
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