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RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN SCHOOL FACILITIES AND STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
The study
investigated the relationship between school facilities and students’ academic
performance in selected secondary schools in Shomolu Local Government Area of
Lagos State. In this study relevant literature review was carried out. The
survey research design was used in order to assess the opinions of the
respondents with the use of the questionnaire. A questionnaire was designed by
the researcher and validated by the supervisor and was administered to the
respondents to collect needed data. A total of 120 respondents comprising 60
male and 60 female students were sampled for the study. Two null hypotheses
were formulated and tested in this study. The Pearson Product Moment
Correlation and independent t-test statistical tools were applied in testing the
hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.
At the end
of the analysis, the following results emerged:
(1) There was a significant relationship
between school facilities and students’ academic performance in the schools.
(2) There was a significant difference between
the academic performance of students who attended schools where there were
facilities and those whose schools did not have facilities.
These
results were discussed and recommendations were made based on the findings
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
Facility
means the system which supports the operation of an organisation or an
institution to carry its daily activities and to promote growth and development
in such organisation or institution.
Facility refers to the entire environment of the school or an
organisation, it refers to both the physical and material resources available
to the students and teachers in the school to facilitate the learning -
teaching process. The classrooms; the libraries and the laboratories for
sciences are the three main areas of facilities identified in the school system
or environment (Onyeji, 2000) Yeloye
(2002) states that in terms of the availability of the libraries as one of the
school facilities, a great many of our secondary schools have no functional
libraries, and where some libraries are found, there are no new or current
books that are relevant to the current secondary school programmes. In effect
there are no library facilities in most of the secondary schools in Nigeria,
especially in Lagos State.
The
importance and uses of the library cannot be under-rated. Libraries and books
give great assistance to both the teachers and the learners. In a situation
whereby our secondary school students are left with no choice to make their
text books as the only source of knowledge, the danger of exposing them to
obsolete knowledge in old books donated by the British Council several years
ago as one normally finds in the old secondary schools should not be
overlooked. According to Dada (2004), any one who is familiar with secondary
school classrooms in Nigeria, especially in Lagos State, will agree that no
meaningful teaching/learning activities can effectively take place in most of
them, even if teachers are God-sent and the learners are celetial pack of
highly intelligent personalities, the problem is that where there are
classrooms, they are overcrowded to the extent that rooms originally meant for
between 30 and 40 students, take between 60 and 80 students with a good number
of them sitting on windows. In this situation, neither the teacher nor the
students can move freely as expected in our secondary school classrooms. This
is why many teachers do not give assignments to such large number of students
regularly as expected. And this has affected students academic performance
drastically.
On science
laboraories, Olarewaju (2004) claims that only few schools have science
laboratories which are well equipped to carry out scientific experiments in
courses such as biology, physics, and chemistry. A good number of schools teach
biology or chemistry as if they are non-science subjects without laboratory.
Some other schools teach the three branches of science without laboratories in
the hope that they would use other schools’ laboratories during their
examinations or compel students to contribute money for purchase of science
equipment through the Parent-Teachers Association (PTA). It should be noted
that the greatest failure rate is in the sciences because our schools lack the
essential science materials but rather, resort to the theoretical science
without the use of laboratory. The contention is that the nation has been
unfair not only to students in our secondary schools but also to herself. This
s because no nation can develop technologically through theoretical teaching of
science subjects, under poor educational facilities, no meaningful teaching and
learning can take place, and the normal refrain in the educational circle is
that all is well with our secondary schools.
Statement of
the Problem
The
importance of school facilities or amenities in the development and growth of
the educational sector cannot be overemphasized. Many schools in Nigeria today
do not have certain school facilities that can make teaching and learning to be
easier and enjoyable to both the teachers and the students. Often times, there has been a constant
outcry of the inadequate provision or non-provision of the school facilities,
especially, the laboratories, the classrooms (buildings) and the libraries which
are the main school facilities that aid teaching and learning, for example due
to lack of necessary equipment in the school, teachers in the science fields
find it difficult to experiment and carryout practical teaching in the school,
and the resultant effect is that most science students fail their science
related subjects in the external and internal examinations.
Due to lack
of provision of libraries, and sufficient classrooms in the school, year after
year, the academic performance of students both in arts and science courses
continue to go down. This is because the teachers are not able to utilise the
instructional materials to present their teaching thoroughly for the better
understanding by the students. Infact the inadequate provision or the
non-availability of school facilities in our secondary schools is what prompted
the investigation of this study.
Purpose of
the Study
The major
purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between school facilities
and students’ academic performance in selected secondary school in Shomolu
Local Government Area of Lagos State. Other objectives of the study include:
1. To find out whether there is
relationship between school facilities and students’ academic performance.
2. To find out whether there is no adequate
provision of facilities in our secondary schools.
3. To identify the causes of inadequate
provision of school facilities in our secondary schools.
4. To proffer solutions to the problems of
inadequate provision of facilities in the secondary schools.
Research
Questions
These
research questions were raised for the study.
1. Is there any relationship between school
facilities and students’ academic performance?
2. Are the facilities in our secondary
schools adequate or inadequate?
3. What are the causes of inadequate
provision of facilities in our schools?
4. How can the problem of inadequate
facilities in the schools be solved?
Research Hypotheses
The
following hypotheses were formulated for the study:
1. There will be no significant
relationship between facilities and students academic performance in the
schools.
2. There will be no significant difference
between the academic performance of students who attend schools where there are
facilities and those whose schools do not have facilities.
Significant
of the Study
This study
will be beneficial to the following people: It is hoped that students will
benefit from this study because they would be able to have proper insight and
understanding that non provision of infrastructure in the secondary schools
will adversely affect their academic performance. Teachers, it is hoped, would,
through the study come to terms with the fact that the provision of adequate
infrastructure will help both students and teachers to facilitate the teaching
and learning processes. The school authorities would utilize the findings and
recommendations of this study to find solution to the problem of inadequate
provision of infrastructure in our secondary schools. They would through this
study understand better the effect of inadequate provision of infrastructures
in our schools, on the teachers work performance and the academic performance
of students. It would be of benefit to parents because it will enable them to
understand the effect of inadequate infrastructure on academic and work
performance of both students and teachers. With the finding and recommendations
of this study parents would help the school authorities to find lasting
solutions to the problem of inadequate provision of infrastructures in our
schools. The society will benefit from the study because when there is adequate
provision of infrastructure in the schools teachers would work better to
produce better crop of students for the society.
Scope of the
Study
The study
covered the relationship between school facilities and students academic
performance in Shomolu Local Government area of Lagos State. Sourcing of good
materials for literature review and other information collection posed a
hindrance to the study.
Definition
of Terms
School
Facilities: It refers to both the physical and material resources available to
the students and teachers in the school to facilitate the learning and teaching
processes.
School
Resources: These are the total inputs into an educational programme in term of
human efforts, funds, facilities, equipment and others.
Academic
Performance: This is regarded as the knowledge attained or skill shown in the
school subject such achievement are indicated by test scores or by marks
assigned by the teachers.
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