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PRINCIPALS
AND SUPERVISION OF INSTRUCTION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF JSS 3 STUDENTS IN
EDUCATION
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
The issue of
quality in any education system cannot be compromised. The quality of
educational administrators (principals), teachers and learners (students) in
any nation determines the quality of its citizenry.
The changes
in the educational sector in Nigeria, especially in education district five (v)
demands that the school principals play a bigger and more important role in
educational supervision.
(Grauwe and
Carron, 2004) states that principal supervisory roles in schools particularly
on its teaching and non teaching staff services is an important concern because
it plays an important role in the quality of education that the school provides
to its students.
Ajayi (1985)
describes school principal’s opinion of school inspectors as that of a feeling
of superiority on the part of inspectors whose interest is only in the
well-being of students with no consideration for teachers.
Principal’s
supervisory role is a critical issue in educational leadership. It involves
lots of leadership aspects, identifying, supervision, teacher’s skills,
students’ performance, the effectiveness of the types and technical skills.
The National
Policy OF Education (2004) under the Ministry of Education revealed how the
principal prime role of educational leadership, must be effective. Principals
should be efficient and spend most of their time in organizing learning
activities in schools. Maintaining an effective school supervision, acting as
consultants, adviser and coordinator for teaching and learning activities in
schools is one of their important job. They should spend more time in teachers
and students’ professional activities, not only working in their rooms issuing
memos and directive or circulars. In relation to that,
Yunus (2012)
found that educational supervision is a dynamic process in education aiming at
improving the quality of teaching and learning.
Nwankwo
(2004) opined that supervision can be divided into categories. These are
instructed and personnel supervision, instructional supervision has been
defined as a set of activities, which are carried out with the purpose of
making the teaching and learning purpose better for the learners.
Personnel
supervision on the other hand, deals with the set of activities, which are
carried out by the supervisor with the basic aim of sensitizing mobilizing and
monitoring staff in the school towards performing their duties ultimately in
terms of achievement of the stated aims and objectives of the educational
system.
Principals
are responsible for the administration of admission, health, lunchroom,
textbooks, supplies, records and many other auxiliaries in the educational
system. Therefore, the role of a school administrator or a principal is to
supervise, planning, developed competitive strategies for the school. The
principal is this faced with the responsibility of supervising teachers
generally to improve their instructional effectiveness, make recommendations
and also manage both human and material resources towards achieving the
principal as the head of the school as the architect of the quality of
activities in the school and the quality of academic achievement of students
depends on the quality of instructional performance.
Statement of
the Problem
The ultimate
goal of Junior or Senior Secondary Education is to develop the individuals’
mental capacity and character for higher education and useful living within the
society (FRN: NPE, 4th edition, 2004). In spite of the societal demand for
quality assurance, that is, the process of ensuring effective resource output,
control refining the process and raising the standards of output in order to
meet the set goal and satisfy public accountability likewise, the need for
thorough supervision instead, there is a growing concern about the realization
of secondary education objectives due to doubt that many principals give little
attention to supervision of instructional activities in secondary schools.
Consequently,
there have been steady decline in teachers’ instructional task performance and
students’ academic performance which depicts non-realization of quality
assurance in secondary schools (Ajayi 2002). It is against this nature, that
the study sets out to examine principals supervisory task and academic
performance of JSS 3 students in District V. Lagos State. The identified gaps
and challenges include the followings.
· Lack of commitment to supervision by
many principals
· Lack of proper monitoring and
evaluation of students’ learning outcomes.
· Inadequate training facilities to
develop teachers for professional growth and increased productivity.
· Lack of adoption of code of conduct for
learners (students).
Purpose of
the Study
The main
purpose of this study is to examine the principals supervisory duties at large
and the effect to academic performance to JSS 3 students in Lagos State
District V.
Specifically
the study sets out to:
· Examine the extent at which principals
duties in the school system.
· Find out whether principals’
supervision towards teachers will significantly influence teachers’
productivity.
· Determine if principals’ administrative
roles will enhance the teaching and learning in secondary schools.
· Ascertain whether principal’s
supervisory will influence teachers commitment to work in secondary schools.
Research
Questions
The
following research questions will be answered during the course of this study.
· Will principal’s competency to work
influence the learning habit in schools?
· Will principal’s supervision towards
teachers significantly influence teachers productivity?
· Will principal’s administrative roles
enhance the teaching and learning in secondary schools?
· Will principal’s supervisory influence teachers
commitment to work in secondary schools?
Research
Hypothesis
Ho1: There is no significant perception of
principals towards the learning habit of the students.
Ho2: There is no significant relationship between
teachers’ job satisfaction and teachers’ productivity
Ho3: There is no significant relationship between
principals administrative roles and teaching and learning in secondary schools.
Ho4: There is no cordial relationship between
principal’s supervisory and teachers commitment to work in secondary schools.
Significance
of the Study
This study
will be of more benefit to various school administrators, ministries of
education and other affiliated government agencies.
It will help
various school principals to understand the benefit of effective school
supervision as a quality control measure at various levels of education
especially, at Junior Secondary Schools in Education District V.
It will
enable school administrators to know the best school supervision techniques to
adopt in order to maintain standard academic performance of the students and
school effectiveness.
This will
also enhance school administrators to understand their position on their job
towards effective routine supervision of teachers, non-teaching staff,
registration, documentations, information and students’ academic performance.
The ministry
of Education will also benefit from this study through proper planning and
implementation of supervision policies to various school management.
This will
also make the ministries to help in school supervision as a quality control
measures through proper inspection and good interrelationship in the
administrative duties and positive increase on academic performance of the
students.
It will also
benefit the government agencies through provision of schools facilities,
conducive academic environment and improve standard of education.
The need to
strengthen the principal efficient instructional supervision at secondary
schools especially at JSS 3 is indispensable because it will aid to improve the
students’ performance in Junior West African Certificate Examination.
Scope of the
Study
As a result
of several constraints, time limitations, this study emphasizes on the
principal’s supervisory duties and academic performance of JSS 3 students in
Education District V Lagos State.
Operational
Definition of Terms
The
following terms have been defined as they will be used during the course of
this study
· The Concept School: This is an environment
where children go to be taught and educated. A typical example is a secondary
school. In this study, school is the first factor to considered because it is a
place where the principal will exercise his regular duties both on the teacher
and the learners.
· The Concept Principal: Principal refers
to the head of a school or other educational institution. Fullen (1992:41) sees
the principal as actively engaged as initiator or facilitator of continuous
improvement in his school.
In this study,
the principal refers to somebody who, as head of the school, plans, initiates,
supervises and organizes the teaching and learning activities in the school. To
accomplish that he works co-operatively with the educators.
· The Concept Supervision: This is a
leadership role that entails coordinating and managing of the school activities
concerned with teaching and learning Daresh (1982:2) sees supervision as a
process of overseeing the ability of people to meet the goals of the
organization in which they work.
Wills &
Bondi’s (1991:8) definition of supervision focuses on administration,
curriculum, instruction, human relations, management and leadership. According
to this study, supervision aims at the development of the teacher’s knowledge,
skills and work environment, to facilitate pupil’s learning to achieve the
goals of the organization.
· The Concept Academic performance: They
refer to the quality of education taught in the school system. In the aspect of
learning habit of the students, they need to be very serious with their
academics in order to obtain good grade at the end of the term.
· The Concept Learning: Learning means
acquiring knowledge, skills and information. Schmeeck (1983) defines learning
as acquiring and retention of knowledge or as an interpretative process aimed
in understanding of the lessons being taught. In this study, learning means
acquiring knowledge on information, processing it and where possible applying
it.
· The Concept Teaching: Teaching means
importing knowledge and skills to the learners. According to the Oxford
Dictionary teaching means what is taught.
Ubben &
Hughes’ (1987:110) definition concurs with the above when they regard teaching
as imparting content or information
which learners need to improve their skills. In this study teaching means
giving out knowledge to learners with a view to help them develop new skills.
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