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THE EFFECTS
OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG STUDENTS OF HIGHER LEARNING
ABSTRACT
This
research is a study of drug abuse among students’ of higher learning; a case
study of Usmanu. Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The major research question
includes to what extent do students of higher learning indulge in drug abuse?
What is the motivating factors? The measure to be taken in rectifies the
problems. Questionnaire was administered for the collection of the data and
other sources were also used.The research finding reveals that the prevalence
of drug abuse is associated with the influences from friends, pressure group,
relieve of pressure of academic work, and easy accessibility to the drugs.
Moreover, most of the students involved in this habit of drug abuse are only
aware of the concept but not its medical or social implications
At the end,
we are able to put forward the commendation includes: the need for
enlightenment of the effects of drug abuse at all levels of education and the
need to take legal measures on unlicensed drug dealers.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The issue of
Drug abuse has always been an international problem because it has never been
possible to confine drugs to their place of origin. “The scale of global drug
problems generated concern as long ago as 1909 when the first international
Drug conference was convened in Shanghai. Since then, there has been an
extensive international program of legislation, lately under the auspices of
the United Nations, and between 1912 and 1972 twelve multi - lateral drug
treaties were concluded” (Ghodse and Maxwell, 1990).
In Nigeria,
the problem initially came to the attention of research and health care exerts
as far back as the early 1960s (Obot, 1993). In hospital - based studies, a
pattern of psychiatric morbidity implicating cannabis (Indian hemp) abuse
demonstrated by researchers of whom were psychiatrics. What the researchers
found was that high proportions of patients admitted into hospitals because of
acute psychotic reactions had histories of cannabis abuse. Most of these
patients were young students, unemployed urban residents, and low - skilled
workers.
The menace
of “area boys” across the towns and cities, problems of armed robbery,
delinquency among students in institutions of learning, especially students of
higher learning, indiscriminate violence in social amusement parks, disloyalty
to age mates, elders, parent and even constituted authority by breaching its
laws and orders, are some of the social vices which may be related to drug
misuse/abuse. Ignorance among the populace and lack of awareness on the use of
various drugs and their effects on the body give room for self - medication
that may lead to drug abuse.
In the word
of Odejide (1993) “The history of drug abuse in Nigeria is a catalogue of
changes brought about by such factors as the civil war, unexpected oil boom
that followed with its sudden increase in Gross National Product (GNP) and
rapid Socio - economic changes and urbanization which also led to
disintegration of the family social network, and increase in drugs
availability.
Now, the
country is facing an
-unprecedented
economic depression”.
This is
obvious as health education program is not mandatory in secondary and
University curriculum and neither is it taught to community at large? This is
the work of health personnel in the ministries of education to inculcate
health
awareness and wholesome health practiced especially regarding drugs, drugs
usage and their effects. There is also
the
proliferation of patient medicine stores where any type of drugs can be bought
whether such drugs are supposed to be over — the - counter drugs or
prescription types, and at times those dispensing the drugs lack necessary
training and experience in line with pharmaceutical security - risks to the
health of the populace through the possibility of drug misuse and abuse.
The peer -
group influence is also counted among possible reasons that play a vital role
in drug problems of a nation. Students are seen moving about in-groups both at
school and outside the school. Most of the time their ambition is centered how
to defy school and home norms and the most available medium by which they can
do this is through the use of drugs which give them added coverage to achieve
their aims. These reasons and many other factors lead to an indiscriminate use
of drugs. Hence, the need for guidance and
counseling
in schools should be made compulsory. In addition, it is expected that drug
education would be considered as part of the curriculum for secondary school
and universities.
As
technology improves man discovers the
-
pharmaceutical knowledge of investing drugs and testing its effects. Thus, the
effect to state the various effect of drugs, and using such terms course side
effect or adverse effect, overdose, underdose, abuse, dependence and host of
other jargons.
Drugs have
been used for pleasure, social religious and medical purpose. It is man’s
continuing desire to find cure for all the illness that afflicts him, that had
lead to the invention and discovery of more drugs. The interaction of the agent
(drug) ‘host (individual) and the environment (society culture) determine the
drug-taking behavior in secondary school and most of the higher institution of
learning. The drug-taking problem must be viewed in its psychological and
social cultural context.
And, drug
abusers are easier to recognize, images of young men especially students in
squats injecting heroin, of the well- heeled snorting cocaine or of the
inebriate under the arches may be reinforced by television, press reports or by
walking down the streets of any large town or city. Similarly, patients with
drugs and alcohol related problems foru. much. of the day - to - day work lead
in causalities, general practice surgeries and hospitals. At a stage, those
infected will destroy and prevent them for achieving their goals and lead to
death.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
In Nigeria
today there is a prevalence of drug abuse, which increase at alarming rate
requiring an urgent approach to rectify the problem. Frequent crisis in higher
instituting with activities rampaging in the higher institutions has all been
linked to students who take to drugs.
This
problems which cuts across age group. 10 - 40 and that mostly the youth
especially students are involved since the youth are the future leaders, they
will replace the older one and whatever the characteristics they develop now
will manifest in the future.
1.3 AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This
research work, is particularly aimed at investing pattern of drug abuse among
students of higher learnin especially, students of UsmanuDanfodiyo University,
Sokoto.
Specifically
the objectives of the research work are:
(a) To
determine the cause of students indulgence in such a habit.
(b) To
identify what students feel are gains derived from their indulgence in drug
misuse.
(c) To find
- out the means through which students get their drug supply.
(d) To
determine the effect drug abuse has on the academic performances of students.
(e) To make
recommendation.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS.
1. To what
extent do students of Higher learning especially the students of
UsmanuDanfodiyo University Sokoto, indulge in drug abuse:
2. What is
the consequence, both at individual and social level of drug abuse among
students of UsmanuDanfodiyo University, Sokoto.
3. What
measure should be taken by all stakëholders to ratify the problem.
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS.
There is no
incidence or significance evidence of drug abuse among students of
UsmanuDanfodiyo University,
koto.
There is no
significant difference in behavior and achievement between the students who
take drugs and those whodonot.
1.6 SIGNIFICANT
OF THE STUDY
This study
will serve as eye opener to some of the problems of students, and when the
cause of a problem is known, finding a solution is easier. The study will also
expose some of the major sources of drugs students’ use and this will help to
find a way to block such.
The research
will be useful to guidance counseling who come in contact with these students.
It will also be useful to the government in making laws and policies that will
help in terminating this social ill. It will also help the student to know the
dangers in drug abuse thereby helping them to desist from
it bearing
in mind the sorry state of the drug abusers and what they stand to loose and
face in the near future, there is a serious need for every one to join how in
finding lasting solution to this man - made menace. In order to have more
policy relevance, research like this one is important because school mirror the
society, and what is taking place in the
school
usually get worsen in the school. So, there is the need to address this issue
from the concept of Student. Thereby, justifying this study as a step towards
extirpating this problem it’s entirely.
1.7 RESEARCH
SCOPE
The Scope of
this research project will only be on the abuse of drugs one students of UsmanuDanfodiyo
University, Sokoto.
The
limitation of this research project would base on the following:
Problem of
respondents attitude: Bearing in mind the ture of this research topic, very few
students would be ready to accept abusing drugs.
Time of
research project: The time of the project is pecified thus making it difficult
exercise.
Finance:
Generally, like any other project, it will refuse use of money in carrying out
the research.
1.8
DEFINITION OF CONCEPT AND TERMS.
Atthe center
of much of the difficulty that surround the• topic of drugs use, misuse,
dependence and addiction, is the
difficulty in
terminology and description regarding the key issues, popular notions and
concepts in this field. It is appropriate to try to define in simple terms
crucial words descriptively used daily by both exports and lay public
associated with this concept.
DRUGS; is
any substance in a pharmaceutical product, which is used to modify or explore
physiological system or psychological states for the recipient.
DRUGS ABUSE:
is an unusual, wrong and excessive use of substances, which qualify the
definition of drugs. It may be excessive consumption or application with or
without prescription.
DRUGS
ADDICTION: is a state of period or persistent intoxication detrimental to the
individual characterized by the ree features:
Strong drive
need or compulsion to continue taking drugs.
(b) The
development of tolerance, with a tendency to increase the dose to produce the
desire effects.
(c) Physical
and emotional dependence.
DRUG
DEPENDENCE: is a state arising from repeated administration of a drug on a
period continues basis.
DRUG
TOLERANCE is an adoption state characterized by diminished response to some
quantity of drug or drug requiring large to produce the same
pharmacodynàmiceffect.
STUDENTS
(Survey population) in this study meansUsmanuDanfodiyo University students officially
residents in the hail of, residence during 2002/03 academic year.
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