EFFECTIVENESS OF MARITAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION SKILLS ON MARITAL CONFLICT AMONG MARRIED COUPLES IN NIGERIA
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EFFECTIVENESS
OF MARITAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION SKILLS ON MARITAL CONFLICT AMONG MARRIED COUPLES
IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Conflict
among humans is unavoidable, marriage and other intimate relationships are no
exception. The diverse and frequent interactions among groups and individuals
provide a limitless platform for conflict. The term connotes an expressed
struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible
goals, scarce rewards, or interference from the other party in achieving their
goals (Hocker & Wilmot, 1995). One of the major reasons that draw the
attention of researchers and social organizations to conflict in recent times
is its adverse consequences on health, family life, and the stability of
communities. An important area of conflict in human settings is marriage.
Marriage is a stage of transition in one‘s life, it is usually perceived that
marriage in a healthy way may promote satisfaction and couples in this regard
are into an institution with a thought to start affection (Dildar, Sitwat &
Yasin, 2013).
The
philosophy of marriage varies according to different people and culture, but it
is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually
intimate and sexual, are acknowledged. In this context, Nwoye (1991) opined
that marriage is something deeper than the mere union of a man and a woman
under the same roof. But he perceives marriage as a sacred and a permanent
contract which is assumed to be enacted when two people decide on their own
accord and in the presence of at least two witnesses, to exchange the formal
consent to live a life of vocation of love and sharing for the purpose of
promoting their mutual growth and welfare as persons in their journey together
through life.
However,
people marry for different reasons including legal, social, libidinal,
emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious. It is known to involve male and
female (different sex) but since 2000, some countries like Brazil, Denmark,
Argentina, and Canada have legalized 1 same-sex marriage within their
jurisdictions.
Marriage is
a process by which man and woman who initially love each other make their
relationship public, official and permanent. It begins with a ceremony known as
wedding during which the couple are formally united. It is the joining of the
two people in bond that putatively last till death for both religious and
socio-cultural belief, but in practice is increasingly cut short by divorce and
separation. In essence, lack of the initial affection among couples result in
marital conflict, although no marriage is free of conflict. According to Anaya
(2003), minor conflict is a normal and even healthy part of a relationship;
since relationship conflict are inevitable learning to deal with them in a
respectful and positive way provides opportunity for growth and ultimately
strengthens the bond between the couples if they are ready to work for it. This
invites for marital conflict resolution skills training among the couples.
All healthy
marriage experience change and transition, changes in terms of personalities,
body‘s age and romantic love waxes and wanes. When adults are in love, the focus
is on the positive, noticing and emphasizing the assets, good qualities and
talents of the object ours has, while minimizing the short comings -areas. This
moment when all elements are fit in perfectly with each other, it is only
temporary, not sustainable for a long period of time. Something can interferes
with this process, lovers may hurt and insensitive to feelings, or show an
aspect of their personality that jars and conflict with the earlier view , then
the sense of unity and deep connection that existed before get threatened.
According to
Harras and Demarin (2007), marriage is divided according to the chronological
time frame of newly married (0-5years); Middle years (6-25years), this usually
coincides with the active parenting stage; Late years 26+ years, also known as
the ―empty nest‖ years. Not all marriages fit neatly into these categories.
Those in second stage in marriage may find times shortened due to the certain
changes which were not handle properly.
Marriage
experienced transition, according to Harras and Demanes (2007), transition in
marriage is through cycles of growth, most relationships move through cycles
that include romance, disillusionment and mature love. However, marital
conflict among the couples has been a devastating issue in the marital homes
which various religious group give pre-marital counselling inform of preaching
and still the situation of separation and divorce is on the increase. Mba
(1993) observed that marriage in many part of the world is so fraught with
pain, disruption, heart break and anxieties that the family or families‘ life
appears to be on the blink of total collapse. So, marital conflict has
deleterious effects on mental, physical and family health.Stability in marriage
according to Nwobi (1991) signifies that husband and wife are in agreement on
the major issues concerning marriage such as family income and dealing with
extended family. As two people are engaged into a relationship they are two
different personalities which create conflict of interest.
Unstable
marriage is featured with lack of love, dishonesty, lack of positive
communication, lack of care and management. There are a lot of chaos, pride and
irrational things. This has been sources of emotional problem especially for
the wives who are seen to be fault despite their innocence. To compound the
issue of men; which faith permits multiple marriages, use it as a license to
cajole, intimidate and threatened their wives. Those whose faith does not
permit polygamy keep mistresses outside their matrimonial homes. Marriage is a
relationship where trust is build overtime and where committed couple set aside
their own interest for the good of their partners and develop skills for
keeping the relationship positive and open. Atodo (1988) sees marriage, not as
a private contract but as an alliance between two extended families that become
bridge during trouble period.
RECOMMENDED
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Egbule (2002)
observed that the
conceptual development of
guidance and counselingevolved as a result of the need to
provide solutions to the multifarious personal social problems which result
from personality maladjustment and may manifest inform of anger, anxiety,
loneliness, sadness, psychosis, neurosis, and inferiority complex. There is
therefore the need for marital conflict resolution skills training for married
couples. The matrimonial home as sacred, hence, ultimate satisfaction is
expected to be found in marriage.
PROJECT
TOPIC ON EFFECTIVENESS OF MARITAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION SKILLS ON MARITAL
CONFLICT AMONG MARRIED COUPLES IN NIGERIA
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Marriage is
the closest form of relationships among humans is the focal point around which
other components revolve. If marriages are functioning well and harmonious,
then the rest of the system are also likely to be in good condition. On the
other hand, if there is disruption or discord in the marriage (marital
conflicts), there will be complete dysfunctional. And, this could affect family
stability, children and the entire social climate of the communities. A solid
marriage should be developed based on mutual agreement, love, care, commitment,
responsibility and concern which in turn provide a stable foundation for a
stable society.
A visit to
shari‘a courts Fada,Tudun wada and GRA Zariahas reveal that almost all the
cases are marital issues after which the judges did not succeed in treating
them out of court. In all cases related to marital disputes/conflicts the
judges use Alternatives Dispute Resolution (ADR) which give the married couples
room to resolve their cases out of court but very few of such succeeded. That
is what is happening in maternities and vocational centres most of the
conversations between colleagues and patients are of marriage concern which at
the end they learned nothing at the centre. Some of the causes of the marital
conflicts includes: entering marriage with cosy expectations, strains in
marriage, absence of romantic love, sexual maladjustment and so on.
As soon as
marriages are contracted, they head to divorce and separation due to lack of
proper management of marital conflict. In Nigeria, the issue is not how
effective marriage counseling is; but its total absence even in official
quarters. Hence, this prompted a research questions of how effective marital
conflict resolution training skills is in reducing marital conflict among marital
couples.
Although
there are studies on marriage and marital conflict in Nigeria, but very few
focused on the effectiveness of the marital conflict resolution skills training
on marital conflict. This study is therefore an attempt to find out the effectiveness
of marital conflict resolution skills in reducing marital conflict in Zaria
Metropolis.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The
objectives of the study were:
To find the
effectiveness of Marital Conflicts ResolutionSkills (MCRS) on Marital Conflicts
among married couples in Zaria Metropolis.
To examine
differentialeffect of Marital Conflicts Resolution Skills (MCRS) on Marital
Conflicts between male and female married couples in Zaria Metropolis.
To assess
the effectiveness of Marital Conflicts Resolution Skills (MCRS) on Marital
Conflicts among married couples with different educational qualifications in
Zaria Metropolis.
To find out
the effectiveness of Marital Conflicts Resolution Skills (MCRS) onmarital
conflict among married couples on the basis of length of marriage in Zaria
Metropolis.
1.4 Research Questions
In line with
the research problem and objectives, the following research questions were
raised:
What are the
effectiveness of Marital Conflicts Resolution Skills (MCRS) on Marital
Conflicts among married couples in Zaria Metropolis?
What are the
differential effects of Marital Conflicts Resolution Skills (MCRS) on Marital
Conflicts between male and female married couples in Zaria Metropolis?
What are the
effectiveness of Marital Conflicts Resolution Skills (MCRS) on Marital
Conflicts among married couples with different educational qualification Zaria
Metropolis?
What are the
effectiveness of Marital Conflicts Resolution Skills (MCRS) on marital
conflicts among married couples on the basis of length of marriage in Zaria
Metropolis?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The
following hypotheses guided the study:
H01: There isno significant effect of marital
conflict resolution skills on marital conflicts among married couples in Zaria
Metropolis.
H02 There is no significant
differentialeffect ofMarital Conflict Resolution Skillson Marital Conflicts between
male and female married couples in Zaria Metropolis.
H03: There is no significant effect of Marital
Conflicts Resolution skills on Marital Conflicts among married couples with
different educational qualifications in Zaria Metropolis.
H04: There is no significant effect of Marital
Conflict Resolution Skills on marital conflict among married couples on the
basis of length of marriage in Zaria Metropolis.
1.6 Basic Assumptions
This study
is based on following assumptions:
Marital conflict resolution
skills may have
effect on marital
conflict among
married
couples in Zaria metropolis.
Marital
conflict resolution skills may have differential effect on marital conflict
between male and female married couples.
Marital
conflict resolution skills may have effect on marital conflict among married
couples with different educational qualification.
Marital
conflict resolution skills may have effect on marital conflict among married
couples on the basis of their length of marriage.
1.7 Significance of the Study
The
significance of the study is reflected in the fact that marital conflicts are
the most common problem among married couples in recent times in Nigerian
communities. It is hope that the findings of the study will help in the proper
management of marital conflicts so as to promote positive exploration of
mutually satisfying alternatives and decision-making based on negotiations.
It is hoped
thatthestudy will be of immense significance to married couples, male and female,
old and young, as it would equip them to see themselves as responsible
individuals who could live together amicably and satisfactorily in their
marriages. Specifically, the findings of the study could be beneficial to the
married couples, in that it could enable them handle their marital conflict in
order to live in peace and harmony in their matrimonial homes, to be in a
better psychological well-being and life satisfaction, and those who are
happier tend to be healthier. Moreover, achieving marital satisfaction could
improve life expectancy in the country, as husband and wife will now live a
more purposeful and meaningful life, because peace is an ingredient for
longevity. In essence, the lingering issue of divorce and separation in our
communities will be minimized.
The findings
of the study could also be of great importance to children who usually suffer
the atrocities of marital conflicts. In this regard, children could receive
proper upbringing, love and affection from their parent because children who
grow up in a married, two-parent family are less likely to experience emotion
behavioural problems like drug addiction, prostitution, arm robbery, unwanted
pregnancy and trafficking women and children. This implies that parents must
try to manage their marital conflict as well as leaving together with the
children in order to be their role models.
It is also
hoped that findings of the study will be useful to schools in the sense that
Headmasters and principals could have peaceful learning atmosphere in their
environment, which will contribute meaningful to the development of the right
atmosphere for impacting knowledge. There will be few drop outs in the system
as pupils and students are product of stable homes.
It is
further hope that the findings will assist Counsellors to improve on
pre-marital and marital counselling in the country because if more counsellors
are to specialize in this field a lot of married couples will be saved from the
psychological trauma individuals are subjected. Moreover, the society at large
will benefit by producing a well behaved individuals that will contribute
positively in its development. Criminal acts like stealing, raping, will be
reduced in the society.
The findings
of the study could also benefit Government and non-governmental organisations
like National Council of Women Societies, Ministry of Women Affairs and
Federation of Women Lawyers will benefit in minimizing cases related to
marriage and is one of the national objectives to promote civic, political,
social and economic participation of women.
Moreover,
findings of this study would also increase the number of therapies that can be
used by counselling psychologists in enhancing marital satisfaction. It would
also form basis for the development of a more effective theory and technique
which will be useful for guiding and counselling married couples in Nigeria
with a view to enhancing marital satisfaction. It is also believed that an
enhancement of marital satisfaction of the target population may increase
readiness of married couples thereby making counselling enterprise
uncomplicated and establish the success of counsellor at work.
1.8 Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study
focuses mainly on the C resolution skills training on marital conflict in Zaria
Metropolis. However, the study is restricted to the following marital conflict
resolution skillscompromising and accommodating. The study on the other hand,
is limited to the accessible literate distresses couples ofZaria Metropolis,
which their situation is expected after acquiring marital conflict resolution
skills training to challenge the marital conflict. Literate person in the
context of this study connotes the one who can read and write in Hausa and
English language. The study is based on the domain of guidance and counselling
because counselling strategies like attending skills, listening skills, and
self-disclosure skills were applied.
1.9 Operational Definition of Terms
The
following terms are defined based on the way they are used in this study.
Conflict
resolution is the process of solving disagreements in marriages through
effective communication since most marriage conflicts result from poor
listening skills, lack of affirmation, or clumsy expression of feelings.
Conflict
resolution Skills is the learned ability
to resolve disagreements on
issues
surrounding
marriage.
Marital
conflict refers to a series of events that have been poorly handled (due to
stubbornness, pride, anger, hurt, and bitterness) so as to deeply damage the
marriage relationship.
Marriage
Duration refers to the length of marriage, in terms of years, that the couples
have
been in
marriage.
Married
couples refer to the husband (the male) and the wife (the female).
Zaria
Metropolis refers to Zaria and environs covering Zaria Local Government Area
and some part of Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State.
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