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FACTORS
AFFECTING THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE SANDWICH STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUNCTION
FACTORS AFFECTING
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG SANDWICH STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS
1.1BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Numerous
studies, such as those carried out by Fullana Noe (1995) and Montero Marcos
(1990) have sought to understand the factor which account for low students
academic performance. Studies seeking to identify what determines academic
failure frequently appear as a reaction to condition of change, such as plans
for educational reform, or in response to critical situations.
The very
concept of academic failure varies in its definition.
Radriguez
castellanous (1986) considers academic failure as the situation in which the
subject does not attain the expected achievement according to his or her
abilities, resulting in an altered personality which affects all other aspect
of life.
Similarly,
Tapia (2002) notes, that the current educational system perceives that the
student fails if he or she does not pass but more appropriate for determining
academic failure is whether the student performed below his or her potential.
Grade Point
Average (GPA) is a commonly used indicator for academic performance. A minimum
GPA should be maintained in order to continue in the degree programmed. In
University of Lagos, GPA of 3.0 or higher is considered an indicator for good
academic performance.
Many factors
could act as barrier to sandwich student attaining and maintaining a high GPA
that reflect their overall academic performance during their tenure in
university. These factors could be utilized by the authorities in the sandwich
programme faculty in developing strategies to improve students learning and
improve their overall academic performance.
Some of
these factors which affect academic performance amongst sandwich students of
university of Lagos are the focus for critical evaluation in this research
which are:
1. Instructional resources
(a) Material resources (b) Human resources
2. Test Phobia or anxiety
3. Time management by sandwich students
4. Academic competence
5. Study techniques. 6. Age 7. Marital status
1.2THE
PROBLEM OF THE STUDY
There is a
persistent poor performance among sandwich students. These academic (under
achievements) have been attributed to certain factors such as, material and
human resources, test anxiety, time management, academic competence study
techniques, marital status and age.
1.3PURPOSE
OF STUDY
(1) To explore the factors affecting sandwich
students’ academic performance
(2) To determine the differences in the levels
of these factors with academic performance.
(3) Early detection and understanding reasons
for academic failure may help some students perform better if adequate guidance
for improvement is provided efficiently.
1.4RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
(1) What are the factors affecting
sandwich students’ academic performance?
(2) To what extent do all these factors affect sandwich students’
performance?
1.5SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The
following people will benefit from the findings of this study:
(a) Students;
(b) Teachers; and
(c) School authority
(1) This study will help the students to
learn good study techniques which will enhance their performance.
(2) It will help the school authority to
attach more importance on the use of material and human resources in upgrading
student’s performance.
(3) The school authority will make a
better plan for educational reform to be able to suit a crash program.
(4) The teachers will be able to make use
of the skill in them to impact knowledge to the students.
(5) The students will be able to manage
their study time with other jobs and duties at home.
1.6RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
H 1 There is no significant relationship between
age and academic performance.
H 2 There is no significant relationship between
marital status and academic performance
1.7SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
This study
covers all the year 2-4 sandwich students of University of Lagos.
1.8LIMITATION
OF STUDY
This study
is limited to year 2-4 sandwich students of University of Lagos due to the
following reasons.
(a) Time constraint (b) Shortage of fund
1.9DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Instructional
Resources: Those things or resources that are needed in the school which aid in
the effective teaching and learning. The resources can be grouped in to two.
(a) Material Resources: Those objects
that helps students to learn effectively. It also makes the environment
conducive for learning. It helps the students remember what they were taught.
Example of material resources are, equipment, facilities, like library,
laboratory, football field, textbooks, chalkboard, pictures, audio visual
materials e.t.c.
(b) Human Resources: Availability of
adequate human beings inform of teachers, both academic and non academic
staff, making sure that the teachers are qualified.
Grade Point
Average (GPA): It is a commonly used method which acts as an indicator for
academic performance.
Academic
Competence: Is defined as proficiency of students with respect to the content
taught during courses over the past academic years and the ability to
understand the course materials.
Strategic
Studying Technique: Is defined as the knowledge and application of effective
study skills, techniques or methods by students.
Time
Management: Has been defined as clusters of behavioral skill sets that are
important in the organization of study course load.
Test
Anxiety: Is defined in this study as the reaction to stimuli that are
associated with an individual’s experience of testing or evaluative situations.
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