ATTENTION:
BEFORE
YOU READ THE CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE
INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN
GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000
ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE
BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
AN
EVALUATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES IN THE EFFECTIVE TEACHING OF GEOGRAPHY
ABSTRACT
The study
investigation focuses on an evaluation of instructional resources in the
effective teaching of Geography. A case study of Iwajowa Local government Area
of Oyo State.
Research
questions were formulated in relation to the aim and objectives set for the
study rand sampling techniques was used in selection of 25 respondents in each
of the selected school Itile Comprehensive High School Itasa, A.D.S High School
Iwere-Ile, Ilupeju Community Grammar School Iwere-Ile, Community Grammar School
Idiko-Ago, in all 100 respondents were used for the study.
Data were
collected through questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using simple
percentage.
The study
revealed that medial instructional materials have not been widely spread over
the area and those that have been found have not been utilized effectively
which results in poor/low performances of the learners in Geography.
Also, the
parents/guidance, the teachers the government and the students themselves
should take their active part in improvisation of those needed resources and
there should be good maintenance of the materials.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The term
Geography can be traced back to two Latin words “Geo and Graphe”- Geo means the
earth while Graphy means description. Various Geographers and scholars vividly
examined the concept of geography in which they all mostly agreed that
Geography is the study of earth and its environments
Vidal de la Blache, the father of
modern geography argued that (as quoted from Appales de Geographe 1921).
Geography recognized the unity of
terrestrial phenomena he, therefore, pursued a world view and consideration of
causes and genetic types of grouping of terrestrial phenomena.
Terrestrial phenomena are localized
in varied combinations.
Geography seeks to describe,
localize and explained these co-variations.
Geography seeks to measure the
influence of especially climate and vegetation on man.
Geography,
therefore, seeks for scientific methods of defining and classifying terrestrial
phenomena, as well as that;
Geography
seeks to measure and localize the great part that man plays in modifying the
face of the earth.
These objectives were pursued by a
leading pupil of his, Albert Demangeon, who listed four major fields of
investigation for human geography.
a. The study of resources,
natural and human.
b. The evolution and
localization of different types of civilization
c. The distribution and movement
of population; and
d. The classification,
distribution and development of the facts of the humanized landscape-field,
house, village, route, town and state.
Generally,
before 1950, the study of geography was approached mainly from the idiographic
points of view. In other words geography was viewed as purely descriptive,
seeking to provide a more and more useful and accurate picture of the fact of
the earth as the home of man. Geographical studies as at 1950s answers the
questions of “ where” and “why” where questions is about location of places,
while questions answer or focus in geography to favour description of
phenomenon on or near the earth’s surface.
Geography as
descriptive and distributive in nature needs various resources for its
effectiveness in teaching learning activities which may be textual like books,
audio-visual, visual and humanitarian.
(Alabi E.A
2007) states that, these resources are either used individually or collectively
in any meaningful geography teaching and learning situation.
The extent
to which teachers use instructional materials in order to supplement the basic
daily teaching activities varies depending on how a teacher can exercise professional
judgment about how they can be found, where they can be found where and when
they can be used.
Akinde O.O
(1984 pg 7) explains that Amos Cornelius who said to be the first educator to
appreciate the value of instructional materials developed his educational
theories, he recommended attractive classroom i.e. conducive environment for
learning geography, maximum sense appeal, studies facilitators meaning the use
of materials suitable for learning and good text books.
In a nut
shell, in selecting the materials or learning resources to be used in a
geography class some factors must be well observed and critically examined
which are.
1. The environment at which the
materials is to be used
2. The teaching objectives
under listed
3. The age and maturity of the
students
4. The reading ability of the
learners
5. The level of difficulty of
the concept subsumed in the subject matter.
6. The learner’s background and
others.
1.1 Historical Background to the Study
The romance of teaching resources
and the teaching of geography in our public secondary schools can not be over
emphasis. This is to achieve optimum communication outcome in terms of pedagogy
with the students.
To achieve this therefore, the
teacher has not only to work relentlessly, but also has to make use of
resources or instructional materials in an attempt to facilitate better
communication and understanding of the subject matter.
Instructional resource will not
only reduce the task of the teacher in the classroom instructions, it will help
to facilitate and create pleasant atmosphere for learning.
In addition, the use of instructional materials provides teachers and
students the opportunity of developing the ability to imagine to improve and
relate to things they observed to reality.
Teachers of public schools should
not rely on verbal instruction alone but they should be encouraged to use
appropriate instructional materials will not only give colour to their
classroom instructions, it will also tie verbal concept and gives the students
sense of belonging and perfect understanding of the concepts.
Summarily, teachers can achieve
their aims in the class by integrating instructional materials into teaching
and learning processes.
1.2 Aim and Objective
This research work tends to provide possible
remedies to the existing problems on;
a. What to teach;
b. How to teach;
c. Materials to be used in
teaching-learning situation;
d. When to use instructional
materials;
e. Where to use instructional
materials;
f. How to use instructional
materials;
Generally
the merits of using instructional materials in geographical teaching and its
demerits so as to balance the unbalanced equation of learning and teaching
geography on the part of tutors and learners for the betterment of the subject
matter as related to the field of study (Geography).
1.3 Statement of Problems
In view of pronounced necessity to marry
on the use of resources (instructional materials) with dissimilate of survey
into resources for the teaching of geography in public secondary schools using
some selected public secondary schools in Iwajowa Local Government Area Oyo
state with the view to assess the extent to which teachers of geography involve
the use of teaching resources to complement their teaching.
Apart from the above, this research will
also go further to asses the extent to which learners relate to these
materials.
However, Maria Montessori and Plato the
propounded of play way method of instruction assess that children experience a permanent change
in behaviour when they interact with teaching complementing materials because
they easily remember what they touch during instructions.
To draw
conclusion on this aspect of my research work it is hoped that this research
will effect positive change in the teaching pedagogical and regogical processes
of geography in our secondary school in Iwajowa Local government area of Oyo
State.
1.4Purpose
Of Study
Having
discovered the inseparability of teaching methods, teaching resources
(Materials &Human) mastery of the subject matter and achievement of
teaching outcome, there is need therefore for teachers to deduce means to
facilitate and complement instructions.
It is
therefore in view of the above that there is need to integrate instructional
materials into teaching process to facilitate learning in the classroom.
The purpose
of the research topic therefore is to enable the researcher to assess how often
the teachers of geography marry teaching with resources and the appropriateness
of the materials being used.
It should be
pointed out however, that the nature has provided sufficient materials to aid
students to learn, it is therefore left to the teachers to explore into the
environment to trap those materials to be integrated into teaching and learning
processes of geography.
1.5 Research Questions
In order to
carry out enough findings which will be suitable for the topic in question the
researcher formulated some questions thus:
(1) Is it necessary for the Geography
teachers in our secondary schools to inculcate the habit of using instructional
materials?
(2) What are the importances of
Geographical Gardens in secondary schools?
(3) Is it good for the students in
secondary schools to be using Geography laboratory?
(4) What are the benefits of using
models and map as instructional materials in Geography lesson?
(5) Which type of instructional aid
should be mostly adopted by Geography Teachers?
(6) What are the consequences of
using audio-visual instructional aids in Geographical studies?
(7) What effects do environmental
factors cause on the use of instructional materials?
(8) Does improvisation of resources
necessary in teaching Geography most especially in the remote parts of the
country like Iwajowa Local Government Area.
(9) What can we say about the time
allocated on the school time for Geography in relation with the use of
instructional objectives?
(10) What would be the contribution of
tutors and learners?
(11)
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following
instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written
material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount
(#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project
topics
(2) Email
Address
(3) Payment
Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after
we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
AFFILIATE
Comments
Post a Comment