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THE IMPACT
OF LEARNING STYLES ON CAREER PREFERENCES OF ADOLESCENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This study
examined the impact of learning styles on career preferences of adolescents in
secondary schools in Lagos State. A
descriptive survey design was adopted.
The sample consisted of 150 students who were randomly selected from
three secondary schools in Ikorodu Local Government Area in Lagos State. A
questionnaire titled “impact of learning styles on career preferences was
designed to collect data from the subjects of the study. Data collected through this process were
analysed using the chi-square method (x2) and t – test statistical tool at 0.05
level of significance. Findings from the study revealed that,
· Learning styles have a significant
effect on career preferences.
· There is a significant difference
between gender and learning styles of students.
· There is a significant difference
between learning styles and career preferences of early and late adolescents.
· There is no significant difference
between learning styles and students perception of their learning
environment.
· There is a significant relationship
between learning styles and career preferences of early and late adolescents.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
In
considering learning and how to improve student learning, one needs to
understand the way(s) in which an individual learns. Learning is the sum total
of an individual's life experience acquired through socialization process. It
exceeds a mere acquisition of factual information or the mastering of skills,
as it also includes the sum total of an individual's life experience which are
relatively permanent in nature and which have survival value for him
(Mukherjee, 2002). It is widely accepted that while it is possible to identify
common constituent elements, the learning process varies at an individual
level.
Different
people learn in different ways. This is the basis of the study of learning
styles. People have different learning styles based on personality types. For
example, a sequential learner prefers to learn by following steps in a logical
order. A global learner will learn by looking at the big picture, and putting
bits of information together in a seemingly random fashion. Some people tend to
pick up information better when it is presented numerically, others when it is
presented verbally.
According to
Keefe (1987), learning style is all of the cognitive, affective and
psychological characteristics which reflect the individual's perceptions on
his/her environment. Learning styles are important not only for learning, but
for helping us through our everyday lives. Learning styles relate to a person's
preferences for absorbing information, for solving problems and for success in
social and personal situations. They can have implications for learning and
work. Although there is a substantial
body of knowledge of how much isolated aspect of physical environment as
temperature, light and sound affect human beings, not much is known about the
interaction of this factors. There is little information on how the total
environment of the school and class room affects learning process and style.
Learning can occur in many different settings: in the home and the play ground,
as well as in the class room every child brings with him into a class room all
his earlier training and experience, a kind of internal environment that makes
him an environmental factor of considerable significance to others. A learning
environment is therefore more than what an engineer can measure in the students
immediate physical surrounding; it includes everything inside and outside the
space the child occupies which in any way affects his learning style during a
particular learning routine.
For some
scholars and teachers, the belief is that learning styles do not significantly
affect a student’s choice of career or even academic performance. They posit
that success in academic performance and ultimately, career preferences is
solely a function of the individual student level of intelligence. On the other
side of the spectrum, some scholars argue that the importance of a good
learning style tailored towards an individual student preferred learning method
cannot be over emphasized. Hence, they encourage the adoption of a suitable
learning style so that students are able to absorb and retain knowledge in good
time. In addition, they believe individuals will both choose and succeed more
often in a career choice when the demands of the job match the preferred
learning style of the person. Hence there is a need to ascertain what really
the relationship between learning style and career preference is.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The common
problem among students is inability to mobilize cognitive strategies that would
help to learn effectively which have translated to poor academic performance.
The evidence
is the outcome of large number of failures recorded in local and national
examinations such as SSCE. Hence, the
researchers are interested in looking at the impact of learning styles on career
preferences.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
objectives of this study are as follows:
1. To determine if there is any relationship
between learning style and career
preferences of adolescents in secondary school in
Lagos State.
2. To determine if there is any relationship
between gender and learning
styles among adolescents in secondary schools.
3. To determine if there is any difference
between learning styles and career
preferences of early and late adolescents
4. To determine if there is a difference
between learning styles and students’ perception of the learning environment.
5. To determine if there is any relationship
between learning styles and career
preferences of early and late adolescents.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
a. What is the relationship between learning
styles and career preferences?
b. What is the relationship between gender and
learning styles among adolescents in secondary schools?
c. What is the difference between learning
styles and career preferences of early and late adolescents?
d. What is
the relationship between learning styles and students’
perception of the learning environment?
e. What is the relationship between learning
styles and career preferences of early and late adolescents?
1.5 HYPOTHESES
The study is
aimed at testing the following five hypotheses:-
HO1: There is
no significant relationship between learning styles and career preferences.
HO2: There
is no significant difference between gender and learning styles among adolescents in secondary
schools.
HO3: There
is no significant difference between learning styles and career preferences of early and late
adolescents.
HO4: There
is no significant difference between learning styles and students’ perception
of the learning environment.
HO5: There is
no significant relationship between learning styles and career preferences of
early and late adolescents.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings
of this study when completed will be of great help to the:
· Counsellors
· Teachers
· Students
· Parents
The findings
will have implications for Guidance Counsellors in assisting the students to
make right career choices considering their talents and abilities.
The study
will be of benefit to teachers in that it will help them to understand various
learning styles, so that they can provide the best way of learning for
students.
The study
will help students develop appropriate learning styles.
The result
of this study will also expose parents to reasons why students make wrong
career choices and how they can help.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of
the study will be limited to only senior secondary school students within Lagos
state. The aim is to assist students to scale through development tasks
characterized by this stage. This includes styles of learning and choice of
career.
1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study
could be carried out in the whole of Lagos State but due to financial and time
constraint, it is limited to three selected secondary schools in Ikorodu
Education District II of Lagos State.
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